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Sharpville Massacre 1960 – How It Began

This is the call the African people have been waiting for! It has come! On Monday, 21st March 1960, we launch our positive, decisive campaign against the pass laws in this our country.” Thus spoke Mangaliso Sobukwe, three days before Sharpeville. South Africa had started a new phase in her history.

Three days later the Pan-Africanist Leaders started their non-violent campaign to reverse apartheid Mangaliso Sobukwe made his intention clear in a letter to the Commissioner of Police: “I have give strict instruction,” he said, “not only to members of my own organization but also to the African people in general, that they should not allow themselves to be provoked into violent action by anyone.”

And so, on the appointed day, monday, March 21, thousands of Pan-Africanist reported to the police without their passes and asked to be arrested. Their object was to demostrate the force of organised non-violence. They wanted to make the pass laws unworkable as a first step in a long campaign to achieve “freedom and independence” for Africans by 1963.

The police were taken unawares by the crowds of volunteers who asked to be arrested. In some places the leaders were detained, in others they were persuaded to return home. Everything went according to plan, and then, at Sharpeville, tragedy occured.

It was officially announced that 67 Africans were killed and 186 wounded, after the police had opened fire on the crowd. On the same day a riot took place at Langa location near Cape Town, where another crowd of Africans, estimated at 20 000 assembled at police stations to give themselves up for arrest. The police failed to dispense the crowd by baton charges, and the crowd began to throw stones. The police opened fire and 54 people were injured.

Though it was PAC that took the lead in the anti-pass law campaign, it was Chief Luthuli of ANC who called on Africans to observe March 28 as a day of Mourning. PAC leaders supported this move, and Africans responded with unanimity.

After the people’s protest, after the Sharpeville killings, after 20 000 people had been detained, after 156 days of nightmare, the Government closed another chapter in our Country’s history. There was to be no change. Apartheid and baaskap were here to stay.

Story taken from Drum October 1960

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    Path: african.pictures / Bailey's African History Archive / Drum Social Histories
    Description: DM2001060406:SAED:POLITICS:OCT1960 - Five Months Nightmare - Sharpeville how it began. After the people's protest; after the Sharpville killings; after 20 000 people had been detained; the goverment closed another in our countries history. There was to be no change. Apartheid and baaskap was here to stay. Two grief stricken young women being taken home after the one in the middle had viewed her husband's body twister into a lifeless bulk by police gun-fire, opposite the Sharpeville police station. (Photograph by Peter Magubane, Ian Berry, G.R.Naidoo and W. Calder BAHA)
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    Image Number: dm2001060409
    Title: Sharpeville massacre
    Path: african.pictures / Bailey's African History Archive / Drum Social Histories
    Description: DM2001060409:SAED:POLITICS:OCT1960 - Five Months Nightmare - Sharpeville how it began. Just before the massacre started a Saracen goes through a crowd of chanting Africans at approximately one o'clock, Monday minutes later, some of these people were lying dead, while the Sarecen stood by watching for more trouble. (Photograph by Peter Magubane, Ian Berry, G.R.Naidoo and W. Calder BAHA)
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    Description: DM2004011404:SAED:POLITICS:OCT1960 - Five Months Nightmare - Sharpeville massacre. After the people's protest; after the Sharpeville killings; after 20 000 people had been detained; the goverment closed another chapter in our countries history. There was to be no change. Apartheid and baasskap was here to stay. (Photograph by Peter Magubane, Ian Berry, G.R.Naidoo and W. Calder BAHA)
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    Title: Sharpeville massacre
    Path: african.pictures / Bailey's African History Archive / Drum Social Histories
    Description: DM2004011406:SAED:POLITICS:OCT1960 - Five Months Nightmare - Sharpeville how it began. Just before the massacre started a Saracen goes through a crowd of chanting Africans at approximately one o'clock, Monday minutes later, some of these people were lying dead, while the Sarecen stood by watching for more trouble. (Photograph by Peter Magubane, Ian Berry, G.R.Naidoo and W. Calder BAHA)
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    Model Release: No
    Property Release: No

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    Image Number: dm2002071201
    Title: Sharpeville Funeral
    Path: african.pictures / Bailey's African History Archive / Drum Social Histories
    Description: DM2002071201:SAED:SOCIAL:APARTHEID:MAY1960 - Sharpeville Funeral - More than five thousand people were at the graveyard. They had come from many places to pay their last respects at the funeral of 34 of the people who died at Sharpville. The coffins are laid out in a long, dark row, and a mass of mourners swell round. They are all the same, the coffins, except one, which is painted white and is carrying the body of a child. A voice breaks the silence. "The Lord has given, and the Lord has taken away," the Rev. Z. M. Voyi, of the Anglican Church, intones. (Photograph by Peter Magubane BAHA)
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    Model Release: No
    Property Release: No

    X
    Image Number: dm2002081508
    Title: Sharpeville massacre
    Path: african.pictures / Bailey's African History Archive / Drum Social Histories
    Description: DM2002081508:SAED:POLITICS:OCT1960 - Five Months Nightmare - Sharpeville massacre. After the people's protest; after the Sharpeville killings; after 20 000 people had been detained; the goverment closed another chapter in our countries history. There was to be no change. Apartheid and baasskap was here to stay. (Photograph by Peter Magubane, Ian Berry, G.R.Naidoo and W. Calder BAHA)
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    Title: Sharpeville massacre - how it began
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    Description: DM2004011516:SAED:POLITICS:PERSONALITY:MAY1960 - Five Months Nightmare - After the people's protest; after the Sharpville killings, after 20 000 people had been detained; after 156 days of night mare, the Government closed another chapter in our country's history. There was to be no change. Apartheid and baaskap were to stay. (Photgrapg by Drum Photographer BAHA) pass demontration around the Union
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    Title: Sharpeville massacre - how it began
    Path: african.pictures / Bailey's African History Archive / Drum Social Histories
    Description: DM2001022704:SAED:POLITICS:OCT1960 - Five Months Nightmare - Sharpeville massacre - how it began. Outside Sharpeville police Station. A curious crowd. Police opened fire. Everyone flees. Some smiling thinking blanks are being used.After the people's protest; after the Sharepville killings; after 20 000 people had been detained; the goverment closed another in our countries history. There was to be no change. Apartheid and baaskap was here to stay. (Photograph by Ian Berry Baileys Archives)
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    Model Release: No
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    Image Number: dm2006120603
    Path: african.pictures / Bailey's African History Archive / Drum Social Histories
    Description: DM2006120603:SAED:POLITICS:OCT1960 - Five Months Nightmare - Sharpeville how it began. After the people's protest; after the Sharpville killings; after 20 000 people had been detained; the goverment closed another in our countries history. There was to be no change. Apartheid and baaskap was here to stay. Two grief stricken young women being taken home after the one in the middle had viewed her husband's body twister into a lifeless bulk by police gun-fire, opposite the Sharpeville police station. (Photograph by Peter Magubane, Ian Berry, G.R.Naidoo and W. Calder � BAHA)
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    Model Release: No
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    Path: african.pictures / Bailey's African History Archive / Drum Social Histories
    Description: DM2000062308:SAED:POLITICS:WOMEN:APARTHEID:MAY1960 - Rebel S.A Poet Writes Of Sharpeville, Orlando, Langa, and... The Child That Died At Langa - I saw the dead chidl as my baby. Poet Ingrid Jonker with her five year old daughter, Simmone. Ingrid describes her daughter's birth as 'one of the great experiences in my life.' When I am asked to talk about my poetry I sometimes feel like answering that poetry should really speak for itself. But I know that this is a bit unreal or perhaps asking too much. Poets speak the words, and the ideas, the thoughts and dreams of everyone. The difference is that they use these words and ideas in a way that, when succesful, is heightened, sharper, clearer, more piercing than in ordinary speech. Now let me say something about my poem 'Die Kind' (The Child), about which so much has been said. Go back to the days in March 1960, when blood flowed in this land. For me it was a time of terrible shock and dismay. Then came the awful news of
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    Model Release: No
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    X
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    Title: Sharpeville massacre
    Path: african.pictures / Bailey's African History Archive / Drum Social Histories
    Description: DM2004090705:SAED:PERSONALITY:POLITICS:OCT1960: Five Months Nightmare - Robert Sobukwe. "This is the call the African people have bee waiting for! It has come! On Monday, 21 March 1960, we launch our positive, decive campaign against the pass laws in this our country." Thus spoke Mangaliso Sobukwe, three days bebore Sharpville. South Africa had stareted a new phase in history. Three days before the Pan-Africanist leaders started their non-violent campaign to reserve Apartheid. Managaliso Sobukwe made his intention clear in a letter to the commisioner of Police: "I have given strict instructions," he said, "not only to members of my organisation but also to the African people in general, that they should not allow themselves to be provoked into violent action by anyone" And so, on the appointed day, Monday, March 21 thousandsof Pan Africanists reported to the police without their passes and asked to be arrested. Their object was to demonstrate the force of
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    Model Release: No
    Property Release: No

    X
    Image Number: dm2006120601
    Title: Sharpeville massacre
    Path: african.pictures / Bailey's African History Archive / Drum Social Histories
    Description: DM2006120601:SAED:POLITICS:OCT1960 - Five Months Nightmare - Sharpeville how it began. After the people's protest; after the Sharpeville killings; after 20 000 people had been detained; the goverment closed another in our countries history. There was to be no change. Apartheid and baaskap was here to stay. After the shooting (Photograph by Peter Magubane, Ian Berry, G.R.Naidoo and W. Calder © BAHA)
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    Model Release: No
    Property Release: No

    X
    Image Number: dm2004011308
    Title: Police Checking Passes
    Path: african.pictures / Bailey's African History Archive / Drum Social Histories
    Description: DM2004011308:SAED:SOCIAL:POLITICS:APARTHEID:OCT1960 - Five Months Nightmare - Police checking passes on the streets. (Photograph by Drum Photographer BAHA) police wearing uniform
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    Model Release: No
    Property Release: No

    X
    Image Number: dm2004011529
    Title: Sharpeville massacre
    Path: african.pictures / Bailey's African History Archive / Drum Social Histories
    Description: DM2004011529:SAED:POLITICS:OCT1960 - Five Months Nightmare - Sharpeville massacre. After the people's protest; after the Sharpeville killings; after 20 000 people had been detained; the goverment closed another in our countries history. There was to be no change. Apartheid and baasskap was here to stay. (Photograph by Peter Magubane, Ian Berry, G.R.Naidoo and W. Calder BAHA)
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    Model Release: No
    Property Release: No

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2007/002089/23

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Revised date: 31-03-2020

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  5. ACCEPTABLE USE
    In connection with the Digital Archive Material (as made available through the Website) You agree that:

    1. No Item containing the image of or reference to a person is to be used for a purpose other than for which rights are granted by Baileys African History Archive, without prior express written permission of Baileys African History Archive.
    2. Only a single digital copy of an Item may be stored on a single computer, hard drive, or any other storage device, and that that copy may not be duplicated in any way whatsoever, except for a single backup copy which may only be used in the event of the original being deleted, lost, or irreparably damaged.
    3. Once the Item has been used for the purpose for which use rights were granted, all copies of the Item must be deleted, apart from where it forms part of the archive of what was published.
  6. OBJECTIONS, COMPLAINTS AND QUERIES
    1. Should You have any questions about this Privacy Policy, require a correction to be made to Your Personal Information that Baileys African History Archive keeps on record, request a copy of the record itself, lodge an objection to the collection, Use or processing of Your Personal Information by Baileys African History Archive, or delete Your personally identifiable information, you may send an e-mail to bahapix@iafrica.com
    2. There may be instances where we cannot grant You access to the Personal Information we hold. We may need to refuse access if granting access would interfere with the privacy of others or if it would result in a breach of confidentiality. Should this be the case, we will give You written reasons for any refusal.

Confirm Order

Please confirm that you would like to order a high quality version of this item. Once your order is placed, a request for approval will be sent to the relevant archivist who may respond to you with questions. If your order is approved, you will be notified and the file will be made available for download.

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